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Syria

Syria

Capital city description

Damascus, also known as the “pearl of the East,” one of the world’s oldest continually inhabited cities, is the capital of the Syrian Arab Republic. It is situated between the mountains of Anti – Lebanon and the desert of Syria.

It is splendid in markets, monuments and mosques. Much history crossed Damascus, a city which, moreover, was for centuries an obligatory point of replenishment and rested for the caravans of twenty thousand people and ten thousand camels that were on their way to sacred Mecca.

Climate

The climate in Syria is dry and hot in summer and cold in winter. The coast and the western mountains have a Mediterranean climate marked by two seasons, the hot and dry summer between May and October and the relatively cool and wet season between November and April.

Languages spoken

Arabic is the official language of Syria and is the most widely spoken language. Kurdish is widely spoken in the Kurdish regions of Syria in the northeastern areas.

Fun/Fascinating Facts

1. The largest lake in Syria, Lake Assad, is man-made and has existed since 1968. It has a maximum capacity of 11.7 cubic kilometers, with a top surface area of 610 square kilometers.

2. Damascus, most commonly known in Syria as ash-Sham, the capital city of Syria, is called the “Jasmine City.” It is one of the most ancient, continuously inhabited cities globally.

3. Syrian has some of the world’s most stunning railway stations. Syria is a famous destination for Shia pilgrims from Iran.

4. Syria was the enormous Arab state to emerge from the ruins of the Ottoman Empire.

5. Syria exports an expansive range of products, including petroleum, crude oil, minerals, cotton fiber, clothing, textiles, wheat, fruits and vegetables, live animals, and meat.

Unique Customs/Traditions

  • Customarily, marriage is arranged by the couple's families of Syria. While more leniency is now allowed, particularly in cities and upper classes, it is still scarce for a couple to marry against their family's wishes. 
  • The Syrian men and women socialize separately except when the whole family is involved. Talking is a favorite pastime, and the art of conversation is a prized skill. Men often engage in a sort of banter in which they try to one-up each other with humorous and eloquent insults.
  • The Syrian people wear traditional dresses at celebrations, marriage ceremonies, and newborn babies' birth occasions. The traditional dress of Syria is famous in the Arab region for its conventional crafts, embroidery, and fabulous designs. 
  • Syrian have a strong awareness of personal integrity, which engenders Syrians with incredible generosity. Syrian are found to be helpful, hospitable, and charitable to others.

Popular universities

Name Description
Arab International University The Arab International University (AIU) is a private Syrian university established in 2005. It is one of the first Syrian universities that have been established and inaugurated. It has attracted distinguished educational, research, and administrative competencies to create an integrated edifice from the academic, organizational, and administrative aspects. Arab International University (AIU) offers bachelor's degrees in several areas of study.
Syrian Private University The Syrian Private University is an independent private institution of higher education in Syria. The University was established in 2006 and is located in the Damascus Countryside. The Syrian Private University offer includes Medicine, Dentistry, pharmacy, Business Administration, Information Technology and Communication, and Petroleum Engineering.
University of Kalamoon (UOK) University of Kalamoon (UOK) is a for-profit private higher education institution in Syria. UOK was officially founded in 2004. The University of Kalamoon is in the top 10 universities of Syria. University of Kalamoon (UOK) offers courses and programs leading to officially recognized higher education degrees such as bachelor's degrees in several areas of study.
International University of Science and Technology The International University of Science and Technology is a private higher education institution. It was founded in 2005 and is located in the metropolis of Damascus. The International University of Science and Technology (IUST) is a Syrian higher education institution coeducational. International University of Science and Technology (IUST) offers courses and programs leading to officially recognized higher education degrees in several areas of study.
Wadi International University Wadi International University, founded in 2005, is a for-profit private higher-education school in Homs’ tiny city of Wadi al-Nasara. Wadi International University (WIU), a coeducational Syrian higher education school officially recognized by Syria’s Ministry of Higher Education, is a modest coeducational Syrian higher education university. Wadi International University (WIU) provides courses and programs that lead to legally recognized higher education degrees, including bachelor’s degrees, in various fields.
Al Andalus University for Medical Sciences Al Andalus University for Medical Sciences, founded in 2005, is a for-profit private higher education institution located in Al-Qadmus, Tartus. Officially recognized by the Ministry of Higher Education of Syria, Al Andalus University for Medical Sciences (AU) is a coeducational Syrian higher education institution. Al Andalus University for Medical Sciences (AU) offers courses and programs leading to officially recognized higher education degrees such as bachelor's degrees in several areas of study.
Al-Sham Private University Al-Sham Private University is a private higher education institution in Syria. The studies at Al-Sham Private University began in 2011. The main campus is located at the heart of the capital of Syria - Damascus. Al-Sham Private University occupies an important place in the country's education system. Teaching is conducted at the highest level, and the educational process meets international standards. Al-Sham Private University (ASPU) offers courses and programs leading to officially recognized higher education degrees in several areas of study.
Al-Hawash Private University Al-Hawash Private University is a for-profit private higher education institution located in the large city of Homs. Established in 2008 and officially recognized by the Ministry of Higher Education of Syria, Al-Hawash Private University (HPU) is a coeducational Syrian higher education institution. Al-Hawash Private University (HPU) offers courses and programs leading to officially recognized higher education degrees such as bachelor's degrees in several areas of study.
Cordoba Private University Cordoba Private University is a for-profit private higher education institution located in the medium city of Al Qamishli, Al-Hasakah. This institution also has a branch campus in Aleppo. Established in 2003 and officially recognized by the Ministry of Higher Education of Syria, Cordoba Private University (CPU) is a medium-sized coeducational Syrian higher education institution. Cordoba Private University (CPU) offers courses and programs leading to officially recognized higher education degrees such as bachelor's degrees in several areas of study.
Cordoba Private University Cordoba Private University is a for-profit private higher education institution located in the rural setting of the medium city of Al Qamishli, Al-Hasakah. This institution also has a branch campus in Aleppo. Founded in 2003 and officially recognized by the Ministry of Higher Education of Syria, Cordoba Private University (CPU) is a medium-sized coeducational Syrian higher education institution. Cordoba Private University (CPU) offers courses and programs leading to officially recognized higher education degrees such as bachelor's degrees in several areas of study.

Festivals & Events

National Independence Day

Date: April

Syrian's National Independence day held in April. Traditionally this day is celebrated with great displays of national unity and pride. Parades are held in most major city centers, locals fly the Syrian flag on high and national songs can be heard from homes and local stores around the country. However, since the outbreak of the civil war, all festivities seem to have cooled down considerably.

September

Date: Arabic Book Fair

Every September, held in Damascus, the Arabic Book Fair is newly incepted but has proved quite famous. The fair’s main aim is to promote Arabic literature and showcase local writers, both established and up-and-coming. Many international authors are also showcased in this event. The festival includes many events, including book launches, signings, and discussions with the authors.

Cotton Festival

Date: July

Every year in July, Aleppo celebrates the annual Cotton Festival. The region produces almost all of Syria’s cotton exports, and during the annual Cotton Festival, factories open their doors to boast their wares and skills. Locals from all over the country attend the event to learn new and valuable skills and buy 100 percent cotton goods at a fraction of the usual price.

Silk Road Festival

Date: September

 The Silk Road Festival is an exciting event in September that aims to enrich intercultural appreciation and community interaction, inspire travel and technological discoveries with ancient Silk Road aspirations.

The capital city, Damascus, is taken on a journey into the past and transformed into what it once looked like when it was a meeting place for Silk Road caverns. The festival also reaches other cities bathed in vibrant colors and hosts many cultural activities.

Eid al-Fitr

Date: August

One of the most well-known events is Eid al-Fitr in August every year. Eid marks the end of the month of fasting during the holy month of Ramadan. Traditionally, the event is celebrated by family and friends gathering for a great feast, exchanging gifts, wearing new clothes, and of course, and attending the mosque. Other key elements of the Eid celebrations are giving money to the poor known as 'Zakat al-Fitr,' the amount to be given depends on the possessions someone has.

For many Muslims, Eid al-Fitr is a festival to demonstrate gratitude to Allah for the help and strength he gave them throughout the month of Ramadan to help them practice self-control. 

Eid al-Adha

Date: October

The Feast of the sacrifice, known as Eid al-Adha, Eid ul Adha, Id-ul-Azha, and Id-ul-Zuha, is vital in Islamic countries worldwide; this festival lasts for two to three years days.

The sacred festival commemorates Prophet Abraham's or Ibrahim's sacrifice of his first-born son to God. Locals slaughter a sheep to this effect and together, as families and friends, hold great feasts all over the region.

Attractions / Top Sights

Palmyra

When to visit: Between April and October

When to visit: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/23

Palmyra, the leading tourist site in Syria, is composed of the impressive Roman city ruins situated in the center of the desert. Palmyra is a UNESCO-protected heritage site was one of the greatest cities in the ancient world. It includes the monumental ruins of a great city that was one of the most important cultural centers of the ancient world.

Journey around the city of ruins and become fascinated by the astounding Temple of Bel, the funerary towers, the colonnade, the Arab castle, and the hypogeum of three brothers.

Aleppo’s Citadel

When to visit: Between April and October

When to visit: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/21/

Aleppo’s citadel is a massive fortified palace in the center of the Old Town. It is also the second-largest city in the country. The ancient Aleppo Citadel is listed on the UNESCO World Heritage list and Aleppo Old Town.

The Castle has gone through several occupations and renovations over the years. The citadel is one of the only attractions in Aleppo to survive the civil war. Unfortunately, the Grand Mosque of Aleppo and the souk were destroyed during the war.


Umayyad Mosque

When to visit: Between April and October

The Great Mosque of Damascus, the Umayyad Mosque, is one of the world's ancientest and hugest mosques. It was built in the 7th Century after the Muslim conquest of Damascus.

The mosque's site now stands initially as a temple dedicated to the idol Hadad in the Aramaean era about 3000 years ago. When the Romans ruled Damascus, a temple was built to worship Jupiter. It then became a Christian church dedicated to John the Baptist in the Byzantine era towards the fourth Century. Nowadays, it is seen as a masterpiece of early Islamic architecture.

Krak des Chevaliers

When to visit: Between April and October

When to visit: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1229

Krak des Chevaliers also called  Crac des Chevaliers, is an imposing former crusaders castle that has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2006. Located not far from the city of Homs, the Crac des Chevaliers was built by the Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem from 1142 to 1271. It is widely regarded as one of the most significant preserved medieval castles globally. Its location is essential as, during the first crusade, the castle overlooked a valley that was the only route from Antioch to Beirut and the Mediterranean.


Damascus

When to visit: Between April and October

Damascus is the ancient capital city and the largest city of Syria, established about 10,000 B.C. to 8,000 B.C. Known as the world’s oldest inhabited city, you will always have that ancient feel as you tour around this magnificent tourist spot in Syria. An ideal activity in the town is to behold the astounding panoramic view of Damascus from the peak of Mount Qasioun.